PPF vs. NSC – A Comparison
1. Returns
While PPF offers 8% per annual (p.a.), NSC offers 8% per annual compounded half yearly i.e., the effective yield is 8.16% per annual. Not a big difference.
2. Tax on returns
PPF returns are tax-exempt but NSC returns are taxable. Interest accrued on NSC is to be included in your total income every year.
However, you’re also entitled to get the deduction under section 80C for the interest accrued on NSCs, because this notional interest is deemed to be reinvested. So, the net effect is that your section 80C limit gets reduced to that extent because otherwise you would have made investment in other tax-saving instruments to the extent of accrued interest on the NSC. If your section 80C limit already stands exhausted, then your post-tax returns from NSC would become 6.48% if you fall in 20.6 per cent tax bracket and 5.64% if your marginal tax rate is 30.9 percent.
3. Whether returns are guaranteed/ fixed
Once you invest in a NSC the interest rate gets locked-in i.e., can’t be changed subsequently, where as in case of PPF the returns are assured but not fixed. In other words, depending upon the interest rate scenario, government can move it either downward or upward, as the economic situation demands.
However, as the interest to your PPF account gets credited every year, the change in interest rate is always prospective and not retrospective.
Let’s see the past changes in the PPF interest rates:
From 1986-87 to 1999-00 -> 12.00%
2000-01 -> 11.00%
2001-02 -> 9.50%
2002-03 -> 9.00%
Since 2003-04 -> 8.00%
Now, let’s see the past changes in NSC interest rates:
Mar’01 to Feb’02 -> 9.5%
Mar’02 to Feb’03 -> 9.0%
Mar’03 onwards -> 8.0%
From the above mentioned changes in PPF and NSC interest rates, we notice that PPF and NSC interest rates are changed simultaneously, so that both are at par (with a slight difference due to half yearly compounding in case of NSCs).
However, what makes the yield differ is the fact that in case of NSC’s revised rates applies only for new purchases, while for PPF new interest rates apply to all accounts, both new and existing. For instance, let’s say you invested Rs 1000 each in both PPF and NSC in March 2001. Now, while for NSC you would have received interest @ 9.5% per annual (compounded half-yearly) for all the 6 years of it’s duration, your PPF account would be credited with interest @ 9.5% for only the year 2001-02 and for subsequent years reduced interest rate would apply (i.e., 9% for 02-03 and 8% since 03-04 onwards).
4. Liquidity
While the duration of NSC is 6 year, PPF carries a lock-in period of 15 years. Besides, PPF premature account closure is not permissible except in case of death. Although partial withdrawals are allowed from the PPF account from seventh year onwards, the actual amount depends on the balance in the account in earlier years. Thus, NSCs offer better liquidity than PPF.
5. One time or regular investment
While NSC requires one time investment, PPF requires regular investment. NSC is the form of a certificate but PPF is in the form of an account and to keep it active, you’ve to make regular investment – a minimum amount of Rs 500 has to be deposited every year to keep the account active.
So, except the parameter of ‘tax ability of returns’, on all other counts the NSCs score over PPF.
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